Traumatic Head Injuries: A Special Class of Sports Injury

Special care should be taken with injuries where the head receives a bump, blow or jolt, or a blow to the body causes the head to move rapidly back in forth. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that can occur with or without loss of consciousness.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that approximately 1.6 million to 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur annually in the United States. Concussions can occur in any sport or recreation activity. All parents, coaches and athletes should know the signs and symptoms of concussion and what to do if a concussion occurs.

If you experience any of the following symptoms after a blow to the head, you should be immediately evaluated for concussion:

• Headache or "pressure" in the head
• Nausea or vomiting
• Balance problems or dizziness
• Double or blurry vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Sensitivity to noise
• Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy or groggy
• Concentration or memory problems
• Confusion
• You simply don't "feel right"

When evaluating someone else for signs of concussion, be concerned if the person:

• Appears dazed or stunned
• Is confused about an assignment or position
• Forgets an instruction
• Is unsure of the game, score or opponent
• Moves clumsily
• Answers questions slowly
• Loses consciousness (even briefly)
• Shows mood, behavior or personality changes
• Can't recall events prior to the hit or fall
• Can't recall events after the hit or fall

Most people with a concussion will recover quickly and fully, but athletes who resume activity too quickly are at risk for re-injury and long-term neurological problems, including:

• Memory loss
• Early Alzheimer's disease
• Movement disorders such as Parkinsonism
• Emotional disturbances

If you have concerns about your own or a loved one's concussion symptoms, contact your medical professional or a nurseline.